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This paper will address the theoretical and practical construction of a 2.4GHz horn antenna and methodology used in testing the antennas.
Our aim is to build an affordable horn antenna, less than $20, and an inexpensive antenna test system setup. Horn antennas are extremely popular in the microwave region (above 1 GHz). Horns provide high gain, low VSWR (with waveguide feeds), relatively wide bandwidth, and they are not difficult to make.
The pyramidal horn antenna is part of the aperture antennas family that has a conical radiation pattern, linearly polarized and is ideal in high gain transmission and receiving, peer to peer communications, and as a dish feed.
We are concerned with the pyramidal horn antenna. The horns can be flared exponentially, too. This provides better matching in a broad frequency band, but
is technologically more difficult and expensive. The rectangular horns are ideally suited for rectangular waveguide feeders. The horn acts as a gradual transition from a waveguide mode to a free-space mode of the EM wave. The open-ended waveguide will radiate, but not as effectively as the waveguide terminated by the horn antenna.
http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/rkwok/projects/horn_B.PDF
