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Resources

Guides for choosing between tools and parts. Lessons explain how a thing works; these say which one to pick and why. Every guide carries the date it was last checked.

• Relay module or SSR for Arduino and ESP32: which one, and the 3.3 V trap

  Songle relay board or Omron G3MB solid-state relay: what each can switch at 230 V, why a 3.3 V ESP32 pin trips up both, the heat, the contact life, and how to drive them.

  Published 10 October 2026

• 3.3 V to 5 V level shifting: which method, and when you need one

  ESP32 to Arduino UNO, WS2812B and 5 V I²C: when 3.3 V logic is enough, when it is not, and whether a divider, a BSS138, a 74AHCT125 or a TXS0108E is the fix.

  Published 9 October 2026

• Which MOSFET for Arduino and ESP32, and how to wire it

  IRLZ44N, IRFZ44N, IRF520 or AO3400A: which MOSFET a 5 V or 3.3 V pin can switch fully on, the wiring, the heat at 3 A, and why the IRF520 module struggles.

  Published 9 October 2026

• Where to buy electronic components in India (2026)

  Ten online sellers compared from their own policy pages, how customs duty, IGST and courier KYC work on DigiKey, Mouser and LCSC orders, the component markets worth the trip, and how to avoid fakes.

  Published 30 September 2026

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  Circuit simulators in 2026: an honest guide

  Nine circuit simulators compared and verified September 2026: Falstad, LTspice, CircuitLab, EveryCircuit, KiCad, CircuitVerse, Tinkercad, Wokwi and SimulIDE, with real prices and real screenshots.

  Published 1 September 2026

Looking for how a component or circuit works? Start with the lessons.