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Resources
Guides for choosing between tools and parts. Lessons explain how a thing works; these say which one to pick and why. Every guide carries the date it was last checked.
Powering an ESP32 or Arduino: USB, AMS1117, buck module or battery
How to power an ESP32 or Arduino UNO from USB, a 12 V adapter, a buck module or a Li-ion cell: regulator heat limits, the dropout trap and battery life in days.
Published 11 October 2026
Relay module or SSR for Arduino and ESP32: which one, and the 3.3 V trap
Songle relay board or Omron G3MB solid-state relay: what each switches at 120 V and 230 V, why a 3.3 V ESP32 pin trips up both, heat, contact life and how to drive them.
Published 10 October 2026
3.3 V to 5 V level shifting: which method, and when you need one
ESP32 to Arduino UNO, WS2812B and 5 V I²C: when 3.3 V logic is enough, when it is not, and whether a divider, a BSS138, a 74AHCT125 or a TXS0108E is the fix.
Published 9 October 2026
Which MOSFET for Arduino and ESP32, and how to wire it
IRLZ44N, IRFZ44N, IRF520 or AO3400A: which MOSFET a 5 V or 3.3 V pin can switch fully on, the wiring, the heat at 3 A, and why the IRF520 module struggles.
Published 9 October 2026
Where to buy electronic components in India (2026)
Ten online sellers compared from their own policy pages, how customs duty, IGST and courier KYC work on DigiKey, Mouser and LCSC orders, the component markets worth the trip, and how to avoid fakes.
Published 30 September 2026
Circuit simulators in 2026: an honest guide
Nine circuit simulators compared and verified September 2026: Falstad, LTspice, CircuitLab, EveryCircuit, KiCad, CircuitVerse, Tinkercad, Wokwi and SimulIDE, with real prices and real screenshots.
Published 1 September 2026
Looking for how a component or circuit works? Start with the lessons.
For pinouts, the 8051 pin diagram and pin description gives all 40 pins in a table, and the part pages cover single chips, each checked against the maker's datasheet.